|
"The Internationale" ((フランス語:L'Internationale)) is a widely-sung Left-wing anthem. It has been one of the most recognizable and popular songs of the socialist movement since the late 19th century, when the Second International (now the Socialist International) adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, attended this congress. The original French refrain of the song is ''C'est la lutte finale / Groupons-nous et demain / L'Internationale / Sera le genre humain.'' (English: "This is the final struggle / Let us group together and tomorrow / The Internationale / Will be the human race.") "The Internationale" has been translated into many languages. It is often sung with the left hand raised in a clenched fist salute and is sometimes followed (in English-speaking places) with a chant of "The workers united will never be defeated." The Internationale has been celebrated by Socialists, Communists, Anarchists, Democratic Socialists, and Social Democrats. It was also used by Republicans during the Spanish Civil War. 〔http://www.popmatters.com/review/the-internationale/〕 ==Copyright== The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, previously a member of the Paris Commune) and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Billy Bragg's Revival of Aging Anthems: Radical Nostalgia or Activist Inspiration? )〕 Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the poem to music in 1888. His melody was first publicly performed in July 1888 and became widely used soon after. In a successful attempt to save Pierre De Geyter's job as a woodcarver, the 6,000 leaflets printed by Lille printer Bolboduc only mentioned the French version of his family name (Degeyter). In 1904, Pierre's brother Adolphe was induced by the Lille mayor Gustave Delory to claim copyright, so that the income of the song would continue to go to Delory's French Socialist Party. Pierre De Geyter lost the first copyright case in 1914, but after his brother committed suicide and left a note explaining the fraud, Pierre was declared the copyright owner by a court of appeal in 1922. In 1972 Montana Edition owned by Hans R. Beierlein bought the rights for 5,000 Deutschmark, first for the territory of the West Germany, then East Germany, then worldwide. East Germany paid 20,000 DM every year for playing the music. Pierre De Geyter died in 1932, which means the copyright expired 2002.〔("Ich habe die Kommunisten bezahlen lassen" ), Die Welt, Hans R. Beierlein, 2014-04-18.〕 The German text Luckhards is public domain since 1984. As the "Internationale" music was published before 1 July 1909 outside the United States of America, it is in the public domain in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States )〕 As of 2013, Pierre De Geyter's music is also in the public domain in countries and areas whose copyright durations are authors' lifetime plus 80 years or less.〔Year 1932 when Pierre De Geyter died, plus 80 years, would get to year 2012.〕 As Eugène Pottier died in 1887, his original French lyrics are in the public domain. Gustave Delory once acquired the copyright of his lyrics through the songwriter G B Clement having bought it from Pottier's widow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Internationale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|